AbouRizk Simaan, Mohamed Yasser. Simphony – an integrated environment for construction simulation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1907-1914.
This paper discusses Simphony as an integrated environment for building special purpose simulation tools for modeling construction systems. Simphony provides various services that enable the developer to easily control different behaviors in the developed tool such as simulation behaviors, graphical representation, statistics, and animation.

Abspoel S.J., Etman L.F.P., Vervoort J., Rooda J.E. Simulation optimization of stochastic systems with integer variables by sequential linearization // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.715-723.

Al-Aomar Raid. Product-mix analysis with discrete event simulation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1385-1392.

Alexopoulos Christos, Seila Andrew F. Output analysis for simulations // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.101-108.
This paper reviews statistical methods for analyzing output data from computer simulations of single systems. In particular, it focuses on the estimation of steady-state system parameters. The estimation techniques include the replication/deletion approach, the regenerative method, the batch means method, and the standardized time series method.

Allen Theodore, Liyang Yu. Low cost response surface methods for and from simulation optimization // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.704-714.

Angerhofer Bernhard J., Angelides Marios C. System dynamics modelling in supply chain management: research review // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.342-351.
The use of System Dynamics Modeling (SDM) in Supply Chain Management (SCM) has only recently re-emerged after a lengthy slack period. Current research on SDM in SCM focuses on inventory decision and policy development, time compression, demand amplification, supply chain design and integration, and international SCM. The paper first gives an overview of recent research work in these areas, followed by a discussion of research issues that have evolved, and presents a taxonomy of research and development in SDM in SCM.

April J., Glover F., Kelly J. and others A survey of simulation optimization techniques and procedures // Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference. – 2000. – P. 119–128.

Arthur James D., Nance Richard E. Verification and validation without independence: a recipe for failure // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.859-865.
The objectives of this paper are four-fold: (1) to examine the current picture in software systems development, (2) to review the rationale, role and expressed need for IV&V, (3) to identify the benefits attendant in the insistence on the “independent” status of the activity, and (4) to respond to the usual criticisms of negative impacts on cost and schedule. While the treatment is couched in the more general software systems context, we contend that simulations represent prime candidates for IV&V application.

Atkin Marc S., Westbrook David L., Cohen Paul R. Domain-general simulation and planning with physical schemas // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1730-1738.
The paper concludes with an example of how GRASP was applied to the problem of Course of Action generation and evaluation.

Azadeh M.A. Optimization of a heavy continuous rolling mill system via simulation // Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 2000, Guangzhou, China pp. 378-384.

Osman Balci, William F. Ormsby, John T. Carr, III and Said D. Saadi Planning for Verification, Validation, and Accreditation of Modeling and Simulation Applications // In Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Orlando, FL, Dec. 10-13). IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 2000. pp. 829-839.

Balci Osman, Ormsby William F. Well-defined intended uses: an explicit requirement for accreditation of modeling and simulation applications // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.849-851.
A modeling and simulation (M&S) application is built for aspecific purpose and its acceptability assessment is carried out with respect to that purpose. The accreditation decision for an M&S application is also made with respect to that purpose. The purpose is commonly expressed in terms of .intended uses.. The quality of expressing the intended uses significantly affects the quality of the acceptability assessment as well as the quality of making the accreditation decision. The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance in proper definition of the intended uses.

Balci Osman, Ormsby William F., Carr III John T., Saadi Said D. Planning for verification, validation, and accreditation of modeling and simulation applications // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.829-839.
A comprehensive and detailed verification, validation, and accreditation plan and its proper execution are crucially important for the successful accreditation of a modeling and simulation (M&S) application. We provide guidance in developing and executing such a plan throughout the entire M&S application development life cycle.

Baldwin Lynne P., Eldabi Tillal, Paul Ray J. Using simulation for the economic evaluation of liver transplantation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1963-1970.
This paper demonstrates the use of simulation in an evaluative study for the technology of liver transplantation from cost-effectiveness point of view. This study is conducted in the United Kingdom where there are no explicit guidelines for the prioritization of patients waiting for transplantation.

Banks Jerry. Introduction to simulation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P. 9–16.
This introduction begins with an example of simulation done by hand. Modeling concepts in simulation are then introduced based on the example. Next, the advantages and disadvantages of simulation are discussed. The introduction ends with a discussion of the steps in a simulation study.

Banks J., Carson J.S., II B.L. Nelson D.M. Nicol. Discrete-Event System Simulation, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2000.

Banks Jerry, Chair Panel. Simulation in the future // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1568-1576.
Seven panelists, all simulation consultants, give their view of the future of simulation. There is some consistency in the views with four areas being mentioned by three of the panelists, and four areas being mentioned by two of the panelists. However, depending on how the counting is performed, there are approximately a dozen other areas with just one mention.

Bapat Vivek, Swets Nancy. The Arena product family: enterprise modeling solutions // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.163-169.
This paper introduces the Arena suite of products for modeling, simulation, and optimization highlighting product architecture and technology features that are targeted toward successful deployment of simulation and Arena throughout an enterprise.

Barnard Cathy J., Van Haaften David H. Simulation model for shipment of waste to the waste isolation pilot plant // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1101-1106.
The United States Department of Energy has agreed to ship 15,000 drums of cold war legacy waste from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). This waste must undergo characterization and certification prior to shipment. The processes required to characterize and certify waste for shipment to WIPP are extremely complex. A simulation model was developed to analyze drum ьthroughput in these various processes. The simulation model continues to facilitate the INEEL strategic and tactical planning needed to accomplish the agreement within the required time frame.

Barnett Michael W., Miller Charles J. Analysis of the virtual enterprise using distributed supply chain modeling and simulation: an application of e-SCOR // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.352-355.
This paper describes the architectural components used to implement a distributed supply chain modeling tool (e-SCOR) and applications of e-SCOR that demonstrate how enterprises are modeled and analyzed to determine the validity of alternative, virtual business models.

Barth-Jones Daniel C., Adams Andrew L., Koopman James S. Monte Carlo simulation experiments for analysis of hiv vaccine effects and vaccine trial design // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1985-1994.
This paper reports on a discrete-event simulation to analyze the recently developed Retrospective Partner Trials (RPT) HIV vaccine trial design. A specially designed simulation system, HIVSIM, was used to simulate data resulting from the RPT design vaccine trials. HIVSIM explicitly models complex HIV transmission dynamics and vaccine trial design characteristics. Monte Carlo simulation analyses conducted with HIVSIM indicate that the RPT design is able to produce vaccine effect estimates with acceptably small bias, high precision and excellent statistical power under plausible HIV vaccine trial conditions.

Beck (Ulrich von Beck), Nowak John W. The merger of discrete event simulation with activity based costing for cost estimation in manufacturing environments // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.2048-2054.
In this work, activity based costing (ABC) and discrete-event simulation are linked to provide an improved costing, planning, and forecasting tool. Numerous point cost estimates are generated by the ABC model, using driver values obtained from a discrete-event simulation of the process. The various cost estimates can be used to produce confidence interval estimates of both the physical system and underlying cost structure.

Benjamin Perakath, Delen Dursun, Mayer Richard, O.Brien Timothy. A model-based approach for component simulation development // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1831-1839.
In this paper we describe a model-based approach that seeks to address these problems via the implementation of MODELSIM – a comprehensive modeling and analysis architecture that includes (i) application of the IDEF3 and IDEF5 methods for simulation modeling and analysis specification, (ii) automatic generation of executable component-based simulations from IDEF-based descriptive models, and (iii) reusable libraries of modeling components to facilitate rapid configuration of models as needed over extended periods of time.

Bernhard Willi, Portmann Peter. Traffic simulation of roundabouts in switzerland // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1148-1153.
In Switzerland, roundabouts enjoy a large and growing popularity. As a self-organizing system, they replace more and more the traditional traffic light systems. This article focuses on the modeling and simulation of a double tracked roundabout near Lucerne (Switzerland). The simulation results were used for decision purposes; in order to find out whether a single or double tracked roundabout should be used there. All simulations were done with the simulation language SIMSCRIPT II.5.

Brade Dirk. Enhancing modeling and simulation accreditation by structuring verification and validation results // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.840-848.
Model Verification, Validation and Accreditation (VV&A) is as complex as developing a Modeling and Simulation application itself. For the purpose of structuring both Verification and Validation (V&V) activities and V&V results, we introduce a refined V&V process. After identification of the major influence factors on applicable V&V, a conceptual approach for subphase-wise organization of V&V activities is presented. Finally a hierarchical presentation of V&V results is shown which addresses different people involved in use or in accreditation of simulation models.

Biswas Shubhabrata, Merchawi Sara. Use of discrete event simulation to validate an agent based scheduling engine // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1778-1782.
This paper discusses the use of simulation in a new context. Most often QUEST is viewed as a stand-alone simulation tool to analyze and understand shop floor behavior. It has rarely been used in conjunction with other proprietary software. This paper attempts to demonstrate how QUEST is being used in conjunction with an agent based scheduling software (henceforth referred to as Scheduler) developed using Java. The Scheduler is a multithreaded application using software agents. It can run in a distributed manner over a LAN.

Boon Ping Gan, Li Liu, Jain Sanjay, Turner Stephen J., Cai Wentong, Wen-Jing Hsu. Distributed supply chain simulation across enterprise boundaries // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1245-1251.
In this paper, distributed simulation techniques are presented as an enabling technology that allows corporations to construct a cross enterprise simulation while hiding model details within the enterprise. This can be realized by either building the simulation on top of the Runtime Infrastructure of the High Level Architecture or building the simulation on top of a customized distributed discrete event simulation protocol. These alternative approaches are compared in terms of their performance and interoperability.

Borshchev A.V., Kolesov Y.B., and Senichenkov Y.B. Java engine for UML based hybrid state machines. Winter Simulation Conference, 2000.

Breitenecker Felix, Lingl Martin, Rybin Erwin. The ARGESIM-comparisons on discrete simulation results and evaluation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.312-315.
This paper describes how to set up courses in (advanced) simulation techniques based on ARGESIM/EUROSIM Comparisons. SNE has defined 13 Software Comparisons, of which 6 concern discrete models, and collected solutions over the last 8 years. These solutions have now been evaluated and made accessible via the WWW. This evaluation may be used as basis for a course on modeling and simulation. Finally, there is a brief introduction of ETCA and it is shown how it uses the ARGESIM/EUROSIM Comparisons for giving advice which simulators to use in the field of environmental technologies.

Brown Nancy, Powers Steve. Simulation in a box (a generic reusable maintenance model) // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1050-1056.
This paper discusses considerations and challenges in designing and moving to a generic model. The current version of the model from the user and modeler view is also presented.

Brown Robert G. Driving digital manufacturing to reality // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.224-228.
This paper discusses the methodology of applying Digital Manufacturing from the initial concept design phase of both product and production processes, through detail design and validation, to both implementation on the shop floor and the constant monitoring the shop floor performance data to support continuous improvement activities. Because up to 60 percent of the value of automobiles and fighter aircraft are sourced from suppliers, the Digital Manufacturing environment must be accessible across the supply chain to support todays B2B method of doing business.

Bruzzone Agostino G., Giribone Pietro, Revetria Roberto. Simulation as educational support for production and logistics in industrial engineering // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1613-1618.
The proposed implementation is a monitor system able to train operators for on-line real time manufacturing control in order to analyze the performance of a production process. This system integrates a simulation model and a statistical analysis module. The architecture has been designed to be able to operate in a real time distributed environment, by using TCP/IP sockets; obviously this approach makes it possible to access the data by different users with a hierarchical architecture. This innovative approach pays great attention to make a use friendly network support training for both operatives and managers thanks to the portability and scalability of the system. The methodology has been tested on a real case study and the experimental results demonstrate the potential of such an approach.

Buss Arnold H. Component-based simulation modeling // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.964-971.
This paper presents a component-based framework for designing simulation models and discusses its implementation in a package called Simkit. In this framework, Components are defined to be monolith software entities that interact with other components in one of only three ways. Although seemingly restrictive, this approach supports more extensibility and customization of simulation models than conventional Object-Oriented design.

Carr III John T., Balci Osman. Verification and validation of object-oriented artifacts throughout the simulation model development life cycle // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.866-871.
The purpose of this paper is to present a series of questions (or indicators) for assessing the verity and validity of the artifacts produced during the entire object-oriented simulation model development life cycle. Using modern object-oriented development processes, artifacts developed in one phase flow seamlessly from those of the previous phase. This provides forward and backward traceability between artifacts.

Caughlin S. (2000). An integrated approach to verification, validation, and accreditation of models and simulations. In: Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 872-881.

Centeno Martha A., Albacete Cristina, Terzano Diego O., Carrillo Manuel, Ogazon Tom. A simulation study of the radiology department at JMH // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1978-1984.
This paper discusses a study of the Radiology department at Jackson Memorial Hospital. The animated simulation model was fed data from the operations database. Several inefficiencies were identified, and suggestions for improvement were explored.

Centola D., McKenzie E., Wilensky U. (2000). Survival of the groupiest: Facilitating students' understanding of multi-level evolution through multi-agent modeling – The EACH Project // In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Complex Systems. Nashua, NH: New England Complex Systems Institute, and InterJournal Complex Systems, 377.

Centola D., Wilensky U., McKenzie E. (2000). A hands-on modeling approach to evolution: Learning about the evolution of cooperation and altruism through multi-agent modeling – The EACH Project // Proceedings of the Fourth Annual International Conference of the Learning Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, June 14-17.

Chew Jennifer, Sullivan Cindy. Verification, validation, and accreditation in the life cycle of models and simulations // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.813-818.
Verification, validation, and accreditation (VV&A) activities should be an on-going process throughout the life cycle of models and simulations. It is important to note that there is no single set of VV&A tasks, events, or methods that would apply every time to every situation. The VV&A emphasis and methods used vary depending on the particular life cycle phase it is in, previous VV&A and use, the risks and uncertainty, its size and complexity, and of course, the resources available. For simplification, this paper discusses the activities and tasks during the early stages of model development and addresses each of the VV&A efforts separately, along with its associated activities. It outlines the specific VV&A activities and products that are appropriate to each phase of model development.

Chick Stephen E. Bayesian methods for simulation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.109-118.
This tutorial describes some ways that Bayesian methods address problems that arise during simulation studies. This includes quantifying uncertainty about input distributions and parameters, sensitivity analysis, and the selection of the best of several simulated alternatives. Focus is on illustrating the main ideas and their relevance to practical problems. Numerous citations for both introductory and more advanced material provide a launching pad into the Bayesian literature.

Clay Gregory R. Venture launch: use of simulation to support strategic operational decisions // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.2016-2039.
This paper describes how discrete-event simulation enhanced a traditional process design effort for a new media company in pre-launch mode.

Clymer John R. Optimizing production work flow using opEMCSS // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1305-1314.
A graphical discrete event simulation library is proposed for system simulation that is based on interacting concurrent processes. This library works with EXTEND (Imagine That Inc), an inexpensive yet capable and easy to use simulation software package, and it is called Operational Evaluation Modeling for Context-Sensitive Systems.

Colby Simon A., Beetham D. Lee. Long range artillery simulation using component based development techniques and the high level architecture // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1001-1005.
This paper describes the use and development of an artillery synthetic environment (SE). This SE will be used to support system concept development and validation for long range and smart munitions. It will also be used for the development of operational concepts for these weapons including an investigation of ISTAR requirements.

Conwell Candace L., Enright Rosemary, Stutzman Marcia A. Capability maturity models support of modeling and simulation verification, validation, and accreditation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.819-828.
This paper discusses how the use of these two Capability Maturity Models can improve Department of Defense ability to develop modeling and simulation with the customer need for Verification, Validation, and Accreditation in mind.

Currie Wendy, Hlupic Vlatka. Simulation modelling: the link between change management panaceas // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.2022-2028.
Although change management panaceas have been widely discussed in the business and management literature for several decades, not many publications address the role of simulation modeling in supporting these panaceas. This paper investigates four management innovation and change programs: TQM, JIT, BPR and Process Innovation and discusses how simulation modeling could increase their effectiveness.

Datar Milind M. Enterprise simulation: framework for a strategic application // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.2010-2014.
This paper offers to explain the motivation behind Enterprise Simulation, and explain its relevance to the business environment of large, complex organizations. A development framework is presented with technical and managerial issues in its implementation.

Davis Paul K. Exploratory analysis enabled by multiresolultion, multiperspective modeling // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.293-302.
The objective of exploratory analysis is to gain a broad understanding of a problem domain before going into details for particular cases. Its focus is understanding comprehensively the consequences of uncertainty, which requires a good deal more than normal sensitivity analysis. Such analysis is facilitated by multiresolution, multiperspective modeling structures that are becoming increasingly practical. A knowledge of related design principles can help build interfaces to more normal legacy models, which can also be used for exploration.

Davis Wayne J. Simulation-based acquisition: an impetus for change // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1061-1067.
In this paper, the acquisition process is redefined as a collection of concurrent functions that may be iteratively implemented throughout the acquisition process. Potential applications for simulation in this enhanced acquisition process are discussed. In addition, the need for further simulation development is conveyed.

Davis Paul K., Bigelow James H., McEver Jimmie. Informing and calibrating a multiresolution exploratory analysis model with high resolution simulation: the interdiction problem as a case history // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.316-325.
Exploratory analysis uses a low-resolution model for broad survey work. High-resolution simulation can sometimes be used to inform development and calibration of such a model. This paper is a case history of such an effort.

Davis Paul C., Fishwick Paul A., Overstreet C. Michael, Pegden C. Dennis Model composability as a research investment: responses to the featured paper // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1585-1591.
Responses to the featured paper are provided by four authors who represent different elements of the simulation research community: industry, private research laboratory, and university. As is evident from the reactions given, these perspective provide both shared and distinct observations on model composability as an opportunity for research investment.

de Boer Pieter-Tjerk, Nicola Victor F., Rubinstein Reuven Y. Adaptive importance sampling simulation of queueing networks // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.646-655.
In this paper, a method is presented for the efficient estimation of rare-event (overflow) probabilities in Jackson queueing networks using importance sampling. The method differs in two ways from methods discussed in most earlier literature: the change of measure is state-dependent, i.e., it is a function of the content of the buffers, and the change of measure is determined using a cross-entropy-based adaptive procedure.

Delen Dursun, Benjamin Perakath C. An enterprise modeling and analysis toolkit // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.215-223.
This paper present a suite of software tools, designed and developed by Knowledge Based Systems, Inc., that can generate integrated solutions to complicated enterprise analysis including business process reengineering, activity based costing, and training.

Dengiz Berna, Alabas Cigdem. Simulation optimization using tabu search // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – pp.805-810.
Investigation of the performance and operation of complex systems in manufacturing or other environments, analytical models of these systems become very complicated. Because of the complex stochastic characteristic of the systems, simulation is used as a tool to analyze them. The trust of such simulation analysis usually is to determine the optimum combination of factors that effect the considered system performance. The purpose of this study is to use a tabu search algorithm in conjunction with a simulation model of a JIT system to find the optimum number of kanbans.

Desel Jörg. Teaching system modeling, simulation and validation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1669-1675.
The paper concentrates on these aspects and applications of simulation in education, advocates its presence in student curricula, presents building blocks of education modules for simulation and validation with respect to both content and method, discusses requirements for simulation and validation education, and finally suggests the integration of simulation teach ware in virtual classrooms and distance learning environments.

Díaz José A., Pérez Ileana G. Simulation and optimization of sugar cane transportation in harvest season // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1114-1117.
This paper describes an application involving the simulation and optimization of a complex man-machine system that is sugar cane harvest, in which dynamic modeling plays an important role. Simulation modeling with design of experiments, response surfaces and optimization techniques are combined in order to reach the best solution according to some measurements.

ElAarag Hala, Bassiouni Mostafa. Simulation of transport protocols over wireless communication networks // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1235-1241.
In this paper, we describe a general-purpose communication network simulator that we designed to examine the performance of transport protocols over wireless networks. The general-purpose simulator can be used to study various aspects of performance of communication networks. In particular, we use it to examine, evaluate and predict the performance of wireless networks under a variety of the most commonly used transport protocols. We also examine the use of newly suggested protocols specifically designed for wireless networks.

Engiles Michael J., Stephan Edward R. System sizing using modeling and simulation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1222-1226.
This paper will address the benefits derived from the application of modeling and simulation to areas such as architectural trade-offs, and sizing the system to meet the workload. A variety of practical examples will be included from server systems, telecommunications networks and manual processes. Inherent in the successful application of the modeling and simulation procedures is the requirement that they be applied iteratively and in a manner that produces frequent feedback from the system designers, managers and user community.

Evans D.L., Leemis L.M. 2000. Input Modeling Using a Computer Algebra System // In Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference, ed. J. Joines, R. Barton, P. Fishwick, and K. Kang, P.577–586. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, New Jersey.

Fields Jeff, Davis Dennis, Taylor Alfred. Simulation of the remote unit assembly and test: a case study // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1351-1354.
This paper will present a case study on the use of simulation to develop and implement an assembly line for the assembly and test of customer located telephony equipment. The simulation model was used as a tool to assist in development and integration of the assembly and test processes with a focus on capacity, material flow optimization, and equipment layout. The authors will discuss how the model affected the facilities layout, equipment specifications, and material flow.

Flatto Jerry, Gardner L. Leslie. Using information generated by a discrete event simulation to evaluate real options in a research and development environment // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.2040-2047.
This article examines how a discrete event simulation can be developed to evaluate the impact of real options on a research and development project. Previous work with real options has been primarily mathematically based and the approach was not transferable to actual projects. The results shown in this article indicate that simulation is a valid method to evaluate real options and that the real options do impact the net present value of a process.

Fu M.C., Andradóttir S., Carson J.S. and others Integrating optimization and simulation: research and practice // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P. 610–616.

Fu Yonghui, Piplani Rajesh, de Souza Robert, Wu Jingru. Multi-agent enabled modeling and simulation towards collaborative inventory management in supply chains // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1763-1771.
This paper is framed to address the preliminary approach towards process-oriented collaborative inventory management in supply chains, taking advantage of multi-agent technology in terms of modeling and simulation.

Geist Robert, Westall James. Practical aspects of simulating systems having arrival processes with long-range dependence // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.666-674.
Analysis of network traffic indicates that packet arrival processes have significant stochastic dependence. It has been suggested that this dependence is so strong as to be well modeled by long-range dependent processes. The fact that no finite process can be said to be truly long-range dependent poses potentially serious obstacles to simulation modeling. In this paper, we explore some of these obstacles and propose practical methods for obtaining useful results with simulations of manageable duration.

Gilbert N.T., P. (2000). How to build and use agent-based models in social science // Mind and Society, 1(1), 57-72.

Gilmer John B. Circumstance descriptors: a method for generating plan modifications and fragmentary orders // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – pp.303-311.

Gilbert N., Terna P. How to build and use agent-based models in Social Science // Mind & Society. 2000. Vol. 1. № 1. P. 57–72.

Goldsman David, Marshall William S., Kim Seong-Hee, Nelson Barry L. Ranking and selection for steady-state simulation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.544-553.
Authors present and evaluate two ranking-and-selection procedures for use in steady-state simulation experiments when the goal is to find which among a finite number of alternative systems has the largest or smallest long-run average performance. Both procedures extend existing methods for independent and identically normally distributed observations to general stationary output processes, and both procedures are sequential.

Goodsell C. Ann, Van Kley Thomas J. Inventory management simulations at cat logistics // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – pp.1185-1190.
Simulation is used extensively by Caterpillar Logistics Services, Inc. to determine an appropriate strategy for achieving clients. inventory and customer service goals. Internally developed inventory management simulations, at the transaction and SKU level, help both to develop inventory / service strategies for potential clients and to determine the effect of a change in strategy for existing clients. Inventory management continues to be a significant contributor to the success of Caterpillar Logistics Services.

Grabau Mark R., Payne Michael D. Predicting enemy force closure with simulation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1006-1009.
This paper presents a model and an analysis done to predict enemy force closure. The simulation replaces a pencil and ruler method that has been used by Department of Defense planners for over a century. More importantly, the model provides planners with the capability to assess previously .impossible to quantify, yet critical, factors: transportation network constraints, equipment reliability and maintainability, varying task times, nighttime operations, and the effects of air interdiction. War planning implications are discussed and notional results are presented.

Greasley Andrew. Effective uses of business process simulation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.2004-2009.
This paper evaluates a number of tools for the redesign of processes through the use of two case studies based in the UK Police Service.

Guru Ashu, Savory Paul, Williams Robert. A web-based interface for storing and executing simulation models // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1810-1814.
In this research, a web-based interface or toolkit has been developed for storing and executing SIMAN simulation models over the Internet. This toolkit consists of a WWW interface to SIMAN and a web-accessible database for storing user models. It provides users an easy-to-use environment for developing text-based simulation models using the SIMAN simulation language. It also allows users to test the functionality of a SIMAN model using the SIMAN debugger/run controller.

Harper Ann M., Taranto Sarah E., Edwards Erick B., Daily O. Patrick. An update on a successful simulation project: the unos liver allocation model // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1955-1962.
This paper provides a brief description of UNOS Liver Allocation Model (ULAM) structure, and summarizes the evolution of ULAM from 1995 to 2000.

Harrell Charles R., Price Rochelle N. Healthcare simulation modeling and optimization using MedModel // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.203-207.
MedModel was specifically designed to be simple to use and tailorable to the needs of healthcare managers, engineers and clinicians. This paper serves as a preliminary examination of some of MedModel comprehensive features and capabilities. Independent arrivals and scheduled appointments as well as new statements and functions have been carefully designed to solve unique hospital and healthcare specific simulation problems.

Harrell Charles R., Price Rochelle N. Simulation modeling and optimization using ProModel // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.197-202.
This paper provides an overview of the ProModel Optimization Suite and presents its modeling, analysis, and optimization capabilities.

Heeringa Brent, Cohen Paul. An underlying model for defeat mechanisms // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.933-939.
Defeat mechanisms are strategies for achieving victory over an opponent. Although defeat mechanisms often rely on influencing the opponent psychologically and emotionally, most simulations of warfare do not model these “soft” factors, they model only victory by attrition. To create more accurate, adaptable, and believable systems, we must be able to model a variety of defeat mechanisms. We propose a model where parameters and attributes that affect emotional and physical fatigue are combined to produce an overall measure of fatigue called effective fatigue. Effective fatigue, along with an agent’s state, is combined by a defeat model to produce probabilities of surrender.

Heinicke Matthias U., Hickman Alan. Eliminate bottlenecks with integrated analysis tools in eM-PLANT // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.229-231.

Helbing D., Farkas I., Vicsek T. Simulating dynamical features of escape panic // Nature. 2000. № 407. P. 487-490.

Henderson Shane G. Mathematics for simulation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.137-146.
I survey several mathematical techniques and results that are useful in the context of stochastic simulation. The concepts are introduced through the study of a simple model of ambulance operation to ensure clarity, concreteness and cohesion.

Henriksen James O. Adding animation to a simulation using Proof // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.191-196.
Proof Animation is a family of products for adding animation to discrete event simulations. Proof is available in a variety of versions, including an inexpensive, student version, mid-size and unlimited-size commercial versions, a run-time version, and a royalty-free, redistributable demo viewer. Proof is an ASCII-stream-driven, general-purpose animation system which runs on readily available PC hardware.

Henriksen James O. SLX: the X is for extensibility // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.183-190.
This paper presents an overview of SLX. Earlier papers (Henriksen 1997, 1998) presented the development of a conveyor modeling package in SLX, and example of how SLX has been coupled with other software, respectively.

Henriksen James O., Crain Robert C. GPSS/H: a 23-year retrospective view // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.177-182.
GPSS/H was first placed into commercial service in November, 1977. Over the ensuing 23 years, it has become well known for its speed and dependability. In GPSS/H, the process-interaction world view has been combined with many advanced features to make an extremely powerful and flexible tool, capable of handling large, complicated models with ease, yet still providing exceptionally high performance. This paper provides a retrospective look at the history of GPSS/H.

Hilgers Michael G. Quasi-Monte Carlo methods in cash flow testing simulations // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.517-526.
This paper reports the results of cash flow testing simulations performed for Conseco L.L.C. using so-called quasi-Monte Carlo techniques. In these, pseudo-random number generation is replaced with deterministic low discrepancy sequences. It was found that by judicious choice of subsequences, the quasi-Monte Carlo method provided a consistently tighter estimate, than the traditional methods, for a fixed, small number of sample paths. The techniques used to select these subsequences are discussed.

Hlupic Vlatka. Simulation software: an operational research society survey of academic and industrial users // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1676-1683.
This paper presents the results of a survey on the use of simulation software, which has involved academic and industrial members of the Simulation Study Group of the Operational Research Society of Great Britain. Findings of the survey indicate which types of simulation software are primarily being used, the most common application areas of simulation, users. opinion about software and possible ways of improving simulation software.

Hodgson John, Katz Marc. Using a portable simulation structure with emulation for offline testing // AutoSimulations Symposium 2000 - Discovering New Frontiers.
This paper will describe the module program structure, as well as the use of the MCM to exchange information between the PLC and an AutoMod simulation.

Hugan Joseph C. Using simulation to evaluate cargo ship design on the lpd17 program // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1407-1410.
As part of the design of the next generation Naval Amphibious Transport Dock Ship (LPD17), simulation was used to evaluate the arrangement and flow of cargo onthe ship and to integrate material flow concepts with the overall design requirements. The simulation model evaluated specific cargo load out scenarios to determine if the proposed material handling systems would satisfy specific mission criteria.

Hyden Paul, Schruben Lee. Improved decision processes through simultaneous simulation and time dilation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.743-748.

Ingalls Ricki G., Morrice Douglas J. Pert scheduling with resources using qualitative simulation graphs // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.362-370.
The Qualitative Simulation Graph Methodology (QSGM) is well suited to address the PERT scheduling with resources problem. The coverage property of QSGM has two important implications for the PERT scheduling problem. First, it means that all possible schedules are represented. Second, it means that, as long as the delay time intervals are not violated, we can characterize all possible outcomes of a decision that needs to be made in the schedule. This gives rise to the possibility of robust point-in-time scheduling decisions without needed to rerun the simulation in order to get the results.

Irizarry Maria de los A., Kuhl Michael E., Lada Emily K., Subramanian Sriram, Wilson James R. Analyzing transformation-based simulation metamodels // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.773-781.

Jo Kenneth Y., Munk Christopher. Simulation methods for analysis of traffic processes in atm networks // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.983-990.
This paper presents efficient simulation methods for analyzing modern, large-scale networks and evaluating their performance attributes.

Karatza Helen D. A simulation model of backfilling and I/O scheduling in a partitionable parallel system // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.496-570.

Kelton D.W. Experimental design for simulation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.32-38.
This tutorial introduces some of the ideas, issues, challenges, solutions, and opportunities in deciding how to experiment with a simulation model to learn about its behavior. Careful planning, or designing, of simulation experiments is generally a great help, saving time and effort by providing efficient ways to estimate the effects of changes in the models inputs on its outputs. Traditional experimental-design methods are discussed in the context of simulation experiments, as are the broader questions pertaining to planning computer-simulation experiments.

Kilgore Richard A. Silk, Java and object-oriented simulation // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.246-252.
Silk is a set of Java classes that support object-oriented, general-purpose simulation and animation using the Java programming language. Silk enables the development of complex, yet manageable simulations through the construction of usable and reusable simulation objects. This paper describes the fundamentals of designing and creating a Silk model.

Kilgore Richard A., Burke Emmett. Object-oriented simulation of distributed systems using Java and Silk// In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1802-1809.
The paper describes the infrastructure, its robustness, and the application of the model to produce insights for a system under design. The simulation infrastructure enables a high fidelity representation of the internal complexity of the application on each processing node, the operating system behavior, and the disks and network. The simple yet powerful representation leverages the use of the Silk entity-thread architecture to achieve a simulation architecture that maps to the actual system architecture in both conceptual design and processing sequence. The model has been validated through instrumentation of the evolving target system.

Kiran Ali S., Cetinkaya Tekin, Og Serafettin. Simulation modeling and analysis of a new international terminal // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1168-1172.
This paper describes a recently completed project involving the development of simulation models for the new international terminal at Istanbul Ataturk Airport, Istanbul, Turkey. The simulation models helped evaluate the passenger and aircraft flow from the terminal entrance to boarding; identify the system bottlenecks as well as the system capacities. The models have also been used for operations planning, training and the demonstration of terminal activities. The results showed that the new terminal is capable of serving the planned passenger capacity per year. The new terminal has more than enough capacity for the peak hours of the day and/or peak days of the year.

Kleijnen Jack P.C., Cheng Russell C.H., Bettonvil Bert. Validation of trace-driven simulation models: more on bootstrap tests // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.882-892.
To evaluate validation statistics, the paper develops novel types of bootstrapping based on subruns. Three basic bootstrap procedures are devised, depending on the number of simulation replicates: one, two, or more replicates. Moreover, for the case of more than two replicates the paper considers conditional versus unconditional resampling. These six validation statistics and four bootstrap procedures are evaluated in extensive Monte Carlo experiments with single-server queueing systems. The main conclusion is that bootstrapping of the simplest validation statistic gives the correct type I error probability, and has relatively high power.

Kleijnen J.P.C., Sargent R.G. 2000. A methodology for fitting and validating metamodels in simulation // European Journal of Operational Research 120:14-29.

Klingstam Par, Olsson Bengt-Goran. Using simulation techniques for continuous process verification in industrial system development // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1315-1321.
The purpose of this paper is to describe how discrete event simulation should be used as a tool for continuous process verification in industrial system development. Results include a specification of the working procedures to be used in each life cycle phase of a development project, as well as a definition of the areas where efforts are needed in the future.

Knoll J. Michael, Heim Joseph A. Ensuring the successful adoption of discrete event simulation in a manufacturing environment // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1297-1304.
Discrete event simulation has long been recognized as a valuable tool for manufacturers, but converting the recognition of value into an embrace of the technology can be a challenge. Like most technologies, with which an organization has little or no experience, timing and the manner in which simulation is introduced can significantly influence whether its adoption will succeed or fail. Without careful planning and adequate foresight, simulation technology will not prove its benefits in the workplace and will be viewed as an unnecessary expense. In this paper, we examine the characteristics that signal the need for discrete event simulation, and we discuss the strategies and methods we have found to ensure its successful adoption.

Konyukh V., Sinoviev V., Zhdanov Y., Davidenko V. Mine Simulation and Animation: the Practical Experience / Mechanizacja i Automatizacja Gornictwa. № 4-5(354), 2000, p.161-166.

Krahl David. The Extend simulation environment // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.280-289.
The Extend modeling environment provides an integrated structure for building simulation models and developing new simulation tools. This environment supports simulation modelers on a wide range of levels. Model builders can use Extend pre-built modeling components to quickly build and analyze systems without programming. Simulation tool developers can use Extend built-in, compiled language, ModL to develop new modeling components. All of this is done within a single, self-contained software program that does not require external interfaces, compilers, or code generators.

Kulick Beth C., Sawyer James T. The use of simulation modeling for intermodal capacity assessment // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1164-1167.
Automation Associates, Inc. (AAI) is a simulation consulting services company that has been providing models for the transportation and intermodal industry for over ten years. AAI has developed many models to support major architecture and engineering projects as well as provide analysis support for intermodal operators. Through this experience, there have been modeling projects built to address different objectives based on the project requirements. A survey of the major categories of modeling projects based on their unique objectives and scope is presented in this paper. Additionally, two actual model implementations are discussed relative to this outline.

Kuljis Jasna, Paul Ray J. A review of web based simulation: whither we wander? // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1872-1881.
This paper considers a variety of new technologies for discrete-event simulation software development. Environments and languages for web based simulation are reviewed. Web based applications are discussed. After proposing a summary of the review, ways of working that will have an unpredictable effect on the future of simulation modeling are proposed.

Kyle Robert G., Ludka Christopher R. Simulating the furniture industry // In: Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference (Joines, J.A, Barton, R.R., Kang, K. and Fishwick, P.A., eds). – 2000. – P.1347-1350.
With the use of simulation, manufacturers are able to quickly and accurately model future proposed modifications to their facilities without making costly guesses. Furthermore, if modeled correctly, the simulation model built to assess the significance of a proposed layout change can be evolved into an operational planning tool that can be utilized on a continued basis to evaluate issues such as scheduling sequences or batch sizes.