L’Ecuyer Pierre, Buist Eric. Simulation in java with SSJ // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.611-620.
We describe SSJ, an organized set of software tools offering general-purpose facilities for stochastic simulation programming in Java. It supports the event view, process view, continuous simulation, and arbitrary mixtures of these. Random number generators with multiple streams and substreams, quasi-Monte Carlo methods and their randomizations, and random variate generation for a rich selection of distributions, are all supported in an integrated framework. Performance, flexibility, and extensibility were key criteria in the design and implementation of SSJ. We illustrate its use by simple examples.

Lada Emily K., Steiger Natalie M., Wagner Mary Ann, Wilson James R. Introduction to modeling and generating probabilistic input processes for simulation // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.41-55.
Techniques are presented for modeling and generating the univariate and multivariate probabilistic input processes that drive many simulation experiments. Among univariate input models, emphasis is given to the generalized beta distribution family, the Johnson translation system of distributions, and the Bezier distribution family. Among bivariate and higher-dimensional input models, emphasis is given to computationally tractable extensions of univariate Johnson distributions. Also discussed are nonparametric techniques for modeling and simulating time-dependent arrival streams using nonhomogeneous Poisson processes.

Lauberte I. (2005). Using of cellular automata in agent-based simulation for regional development // Paper presented at the 6th Conference on Baltic Studies in Europe, Valmiera, June 17-19, pp. 99-104.

Laver M. (2005). Policy and the dynamics of political competition // American Political Science Review, 99(2), pp.263-281.
This paper proposes a model that takes the dynamic agent-based analysis of policy-driven party competition into a multiparty environment. In this, voters continually review party support and switch parties to increase their expectations; parties continually readapt policy positions to the shifting affiliations of voters.

Law Averill M. How to build valid and credible simulation models // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M. E. Kuhl, N. M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.24-32.
In this tutorial we present techniques for building valid and credible simulation models. Ideas to be discussed include the importance of a definitive problem formulation, discussions with subject-matter experts, interacting with the decision maker on a regular basis, development of a written conceptual model, structured walk-through of the conceptual model, use of sensitivity analysis to determine important model factors, and comparison of model and system output data for an existing system (if any). We will also discuss the difficulty in using formal statistical techniques to validate simulation models.

Le Q.B. (2005). Multi-agent system for simulation of land-use and land-cover change: a theoretical framework and its first implementation for an upland watershed in the Central Coast of Vietnam // Ecology and Development Series 29. Gottingen: Cuvillier Verlag.

Lea B.R., Gupta M.C., Yu W.B. A prototype multi-agent ERP system: an integrated architecture and a conceptual framework //Technovation. – 2005. – 1. 25. –T. 4. – P. 433-441.

Lee Seung Man, Ravinder Ujwala, Johnston James C. Developing an agent model of human performance in air traffic control operations using apex cognitive architecture // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.979-987.
For the analysis of large-scale complex systems, agent based modeling and simulation has proven to provide a valuable research tool. This paper reports on the development of agent models with human-like performance characteristics using a cognitive architecture. We present an agent model of an air traffic controller that is developed and incorporated into an agent-based simulation of the national airspace to support the design and evaluation of advanced air transportation concepts.

Leow-Sehwail Yen-Ping, Ingalls Ricki G. Qualitative discrete event simulation // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M. E. Kuhl, N. M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.648-653.
A real world system is full of uncertainties and more than often the parameters, processes or events under study are poorly understood. In order to study a real world system, we often have to make a set of assumptions about how it works using statistical, mathematical or logical relationships. Qualitative discrete event simulation involves the development of simulation models which require less assumptions, less data requirements and yet more robust. This paper presents the concepts involved in the development and implementation of qualitative discrete event simulation models and algorithms.

Levy S.T., Wilensky U. (2005). Students' patterns in exploring NetLogo models, embedded in the Connected Chemistry curriculum // In J. Gobert (Chair) and J. Pellegrino (Discussant), «Logging students' learning in complex domains: Empirical considerations and technological solutions.» Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Canada, April 11 - 15.

Lu Ming, Wong Lap-Chi. Comparing PROMODEL and SDESA in modeling construciton operations // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.1524-1532.
The research presented applies the PROMODEL alongside a simplified discrete-event simulation approach (SDESA) and its software platform resulting from in-house construction research for modeling typical construction operations. The characteristics and modeling needs for construction and manufacturing systems are compared in general. A simple earth-moving operation and a real site operation integrating concreting and waste handling practices serve as case studies to illustrate the features, advantages, and limitations of PROMODEL and SDESA. It is found that SDESA can adequately, precisely depict the construction operations with much less learning and modeling efforts compared with PROMODEL.

Luce Karl, Trepanier Lucie, Ciochetto Fred, Goldman Lawrence. Simulation and optimization as effective DFSS tools // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.1993-1999.
Simulation and optimization techniques can provide Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) practitioners with reduced reliance on physical prototypes, rapid time-to-market, minimal defects and post-design rework. These advantages lead to quantifiable benefits within the product development lifecycle, in terms of time and cost. Through one case study, this paper will provide Six Sigma, Process Excellence and Lean practitioners with the rationale for spreadsheet simulation and optimization in DFSS initiatives. Discussion topics include the role of simulation and optimization in the DMADV methodology, disadvantages of not quantifying uncertainty in DFSS projects, differences between deterministic and stochastic optimization, and tradeoff considerations when running optimizations.

Maas Sara L., Standridge Charles R. Applying simulation to interactive manufacturing cell design // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.1392-1400.
Launching a manufacturing cell to be efficient and lean, yet profitable, is a time-consuming process and is often based on many assumptions. We have developed a generic simulation model and associated capacity analysis, schedule planning, and target inventory setting software to support the computer based assessment of the operation of cells typical to the plastic manufacturing industry before capital investments are finalized. Model input describes a particular cell, the products it produces, and customer demand for these products. Results show the customer service level, product inventory levels, equipment utilization, and the daily production schedule. All software is integrated in a single simulation environment.

Macal Charles M., North Michael J. Tutorial on agent-based modeling and simulation // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2-15.
Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) promises to have far-reaching effects on the way that businesses use computers to support decision-making and researchers use electronic laboratories to support their research. Some have gone so far as to contend that ABMS is a third way of doing science besides deductive and inductive reasoning. This tutorial describes the theoretical and practical foundations of ABMS, identifies toolkits and methods for developing ABMS models, and provides some thoughts on the relationship between ABMS and traditional modeling techniques.

Maroulis S., Wilensky U. (2005). Modeling school districts as complex adaptive systems: A simulation of market-based reform // Paper presented at the 3rd Lake Arrowhead Conference on Human Complex Systems. Lake Arrowhead, CA, May 18-22.

Merks R. Glazier J. (2005). A cell-centered approach to developmental biology // Physica A. 352(1), 1 July 2005, pp.113–130.

Michel F., Beurier G., Ferber J. (2005). The TurtleKit Simulation Platform: Application to Multi-Level Emergence // First International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (Workshop Sessions), Hilton Hotel, Yaoundé, Cameroon, November 27th - December 1st, 2005.

Mizuta Hideyuki, Nakamura Fusashi. Agent-based simulation of enterprise communication network // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2590-2594.
In this paper, we consider an agent-based simulation of dynamic enterprise organization and communication networks. Along with recent progress and popularization of Information Technology, social sciences have been experiencing great advances in survey methodology. It has become possible for researchers to utilize huge social data with computers. However, there have been only conceptual studies in business school and few quantitative studies about enterprise organizations. Utilizing the agent-based approach, we have constructed a dynamic model and simulation of communication over an organization structure. The result of the simulation indicates the power distribution for link degrees which is also observed in the real world as universal characteristics of the scale-free network.

Morokoff William J. Simulation analysis of correlation and credit migration models for credit portfolios // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.1827-1834.
The market for derivatives such as first-to-default baskets and CDO tranches on portfolios of corporate credit exposures has grown rapidly in recent years. Various models for capturing portfolio correlation effects have been introduced, with Default Time models becoming the most widely used. While attractive for their relative simplicity and ability, in some cases, to allow fast computation of hedge ratios, there is increasing concern around the limitations and implications of these models. This paper uses simulation to study the effects of credit migration and correlation assumptions underlying the models for valuation of derivatives on credit portfolios.

Morokoff William J. Simulation of risk and return profiles for portfolios of CDO tranches // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.1844-1848.
Investments in Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) often offer attractive yields relative to other similar debt instruments (corporate bonds, etc.). However, the risk profiles of CDO investments, and in particular portfolios of these investments, can be substantially different from straight credit portfolios due to complex correlation dependence across CDOs. Simulation is generally required to capture the intricate interaction of default and correlation risk that determines the risk and return profile of a portfolio of CDO investments. This paper considers some of the issues that must be addressed in determining the risk profiles with simulation and presents results on a simple example.

Morrice Douglas J., Valdez Richard A., Chida Jack P., Eido Missan. Discrete event simulation in supply chain planning and inventory control at Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.1718-1724.
The supply chain of Freescale Semiconductor from fabrication through final test and delivery was modeled and analyzed using discrete event simulation in Arena. Freescale starts products in manufacturing based on a make-to-order and make-to-stock master production schedule. Since customer lead time is often less than the supply chain cycle time, Freescale maintains strategic safety stock throughout the supply chain and as finished goods inventory. Manufacturing entry rate is determined by the amount of product in WIP and inventory. Our analysis concentrates on the relationship between on-time delivery in the major supply chain segments and on-time delivery to the customer in an environment of significant inventory and WIP level changes.

Morrison D., Dennis B. (2005). MetaLab: supporting social grounding and group task management in CSCL environments through social translucence // Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Diversity in computing (pp. 20-22). Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA: ACM.

Mosca Roberto, Cassettari Lucia, Revetria Roberto, Magro Gianluca. Simulation as support for production planning in small and medium enterprise: a case study // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2443-2448.
The proposed application is related to an Italian small factory that produces, assembles, and sells mechanical components for awnings. In such factories Business Process Engineering usually takes place without the support of Modeling & Simulation although such methodologies have proved to be very effective and helpful. Main reasons for that have to be investigated in the high costs usually associated with a simulation study, especially for data collection, model building and model validation. In order to avoid this problem a general-purpose simulation framework was designed enabling self-build according to production process information stored in a relational database. Authors applied the proposed schema to several industrial applications obtaining interesting results.

Muscalagiu I., Horia-Emil P., Panoiu M. (2005). Determining the Number of Messages Transmitted for the Temporary Links in the Case of ABT Family Techniques // Paper presented at the 7th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC'05), Timisoara, Romania September 25-29, 2005.

Mutschler David W. Language based simulation, flexibility, and development speed in the joint integrated mission model // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.1190-1197.
The Joint Integrated Mission Model (JIMM) uses generic system components and a simulation language that allows developers to program specific system, platform, and player characteristics, tactics, and doctrine. This permits great flexibility in simulation design and rapid modification of system types in complex simulations. However, the time and expense of developing complex simulations can be longer than desired. In addition, a graphics user interface (GUI) can also facilitate reuse and perform some functions faster and more easily than can be achieved directly through simulation language text editing. This paper will discuss efforts in simulation construction, simulation reuse, and GUI development currently undertaken by the JIMM Model Management Office.

Nan N., Johnston E., Olson J., Bos N. (2005). Beyond being in the lab: using multi-agent modeling to isolate competing hypotheses // Paper presented at the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Portland, OR.

Nicol David M., Liljenstam Michael, Liu Jason. Advanced concepts in large-scale network simulation // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.153-166.
This tutorial paper reviews existing concepts and future directions in selected areas related to simulation of large-scale networks. It covers specifically topics in traffic modeling, simulation of routing, network emulation, and real-time simulation.

North M.J. Andmasal C.M. 2005. Escaping the accidents of history: An overview of artificial life modeling with Repast. In Artificial Life Models in Software, A. Adamatzky and M. Komosinski, Eds. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany. P.115–141.

Nutaro James. Constructing multi-point discrete event integration schemes // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.267-273.
The systematic study of discrete event numerical integration schemes can be greatly aided by an understanding of their general form. This paper describes the structure of DEVS models that can be used to construct multi-point discrete event integration methods. The structure is shown to be sufficient for describing two known methods. The utility of the structure is illustrated by the construction of a new, second order accurate, multi-point discrete event integrator.

Ohshima Y. (2005). Kedama: A GUI-Based Interactive Massively Parallel Particle Programming System // Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing, 2005 IEEE Symposium on, pp.91-98.

Okol'nishnikov V.V., Rudometov S.V. Simulation of Complex Transportation Systems // Proc. of the Second IASTED International Multi-Conference SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (ACIT-SE) (June 20-24, 2005). — Novosibirsk, 2005. — p. 60–64.

Panait L., Luke S. Cooperative Multi-Agent learning: The state of the art. autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. 2005. Vol. 11. No. 3. P. 387-434.

Pereira G.M. (2005). The effects of functional diversity in spatially distributed geographic domains // Paper presented at the Geocomputation 2005 conference.

Perumalla Kalyan S., Fujimoto Richard M., Thakare Prashant J., Pande Santosh, Karimabadi Homa, Omelchenko Yuri, Driscoll Jonathan. Performance prediction of large-scale parallel discrete event models of physical systems // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M. E. Kuhl, N. M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.356-364.
A virtualization system is presented that is designed to help predict the performance of parallel/distributed discrete event simulations on massively parallel (supercomputing) platforms. A case study of the virtualization system is presented in the context of plasma physics simulations, highlighting important virtualization challenges and issues, such as reentrancy and synchronization in the virtual plane, and our corresponding solution approaches. A trace-based prediction methodology is presented, and is evaluated with a 1-D hybrid collisionless shock model simulation, with the predicted performance being validated against one obtained in actual simulation. Predicted performance measurements show excellent agreement with actual performance measurements on parallel platforms containing up to 512 CPUs.

Powell Warren B. The optimizing-simulator: merging simulation and optimization using approximate dynamic programming // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.96-109.
There has long been a competition between simulation and optimization in the modeling of problems in transportation and logistics, machine scheduling and similar high dimensional problems in operations research. Simulation strives to model operations, often using rule-based logic. Optimization strives to find the best possible solution, minimizing costs or maximizing profits. In this tutorial, we show how these two modeling technologies can be brought together, combining the flexibility of simulation with the intelligence of optimization.

Ramamurthi Vikram, Kuhl Michael E., Hirschman Karl D. Analysis of production control methods for semiconductor research and development fabs using simulation // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2177-2185.
A semiconductor company must bring technology to the market as soon as its application is deemed feasible to be a leader in the industry. The goal of this paper is to investigate production control methods in semiconductor R&D fabs to minimize the time to market for the aforementioned technology. Simulation models of a representative R&D fab are run with different levels of bottleneck utilization, lot priorities, primary and secondary dispatching strategies and due date tightness as treatment combinations in a formally designed experiment. The fab performance measures are percent on time delivery, average cycle time, standard deviation of cycle time and average work-in-process. Fab characteristics are found to influence the application of dispatching rules.

Rand W., Brown D., Riolo R., Robinson D. (2005). Toward a graphical ABM toolkit with GIS integration // Paper presented at the Agent2005 Conference, Chicago, IL, October 13-14.

Rice Stephen V., Markowitz Harry M., Marjanski Ana, Bailey Stephen M. The Simscript III programming language for modular object-oriented simulation // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.621-630.
SIMSCRIPT III is a programming language for discrete event simulation. It is a major extension of its predecessor, SIMSCRIPT II.5, providing full support for object-oriented programming and modular software development.

Rincon G., Alvarez M., Perez M. & Hernandez S. (2005). A discrete-event simulation and continuous software evaluation on a systemic quality model: An oil industry case. In: Information & Management, 42, pp. 1051-66.

Robertson D.A. (2005). Agent-Based Modeling Toolkits NetLogo, RePast, and Swarm // Academy of Management Learning and Education, 4(4), pp.525-527.

Roggenkamp David B., Park Dave, Tsimhoni Omer. A simulation model for facilitators of tony Rizzo’s bead game // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.621-630.
As the culmination of a simulation course at the University of Michigan, we simulated the physical structure and outcomes of Tony Rizzo’s Bead Game. The game is a pedagogic tool to teach the effects of multitasking in a multi-project environment. During the game, time constraints limit the scope of the activity. Since the outcomes are fairly dramatic, many participants have a difficult time believing that the results they witnessed are truly representative of «typical» outcomes. The simulation model of the game was conceived as an opportunity to provide a more robust example of outcomes including the ability to demonstrate probabilistic distributions as well as potential extensions to the parameters of the game. In practice, the simulation model was effective in duplicating the observed game outcomes.

Rohl Mathias, Uhrmacher Adelinde M. Flexible integration of xml into modeling and simulation systems // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.1813-1820.
As the effort towards standardization of formalism representations increases so does the need for verifying whether models do or do not follow a standard. Data binding allows to systematically exploit XML and its associated technologies for modeling and simulation purposes. Based on the schema definition of a formalism, a binding compiler generates model classes that support the user in constructing models according to the formalism. Most constraints can be checked automatically, few require separate efforts by the designer of the simulation system. Although simulators could be build for these declarative model descriptions, they would be hardly efficient. To this end, a separate transformation component is required. In this overall process, both model specifications that are consistent with a formalism definition and models that can be executed efficiently are supported equally.

Sadowski Deborah A. Tips for successful practice of simulation // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.56-61.
Succeeding with a technology as powerful as simulation involves much more than the technical aspects you may have been trained in. The parts of a simulation study that are outside the realm of modeling and analysis can make or break the project. This paper explores the most common pitfalls in performing simulation studies and identifies approaches for avoiding these problems.

Sanchez Susan M. Work smarter, not harder: guidelines for designing simulation experiments // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M. E. Kuhl, N. M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.69-82.
We present the basic concepts of experimental design, the types of goals it can address, and why it is such an important and useful tool for simulation. We focus on experiments that can cut down the sampling requirements of some classic designs by orders of magnitude, yet make it possible and practical to develop an understanding of a complex simulation model and gain insights into its behavior. Designs that we have found particularly useful for simulation experiments are illustrated using simple simulation models, and we provide links to other resources for those wishing to learn more.

Sanjay Jain, Swee Leong. Stress Testing a Supply Chain Using Simulation // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, p. 1650-1657.

Sargent Robert G. Verification and validation of simulation models // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M. E. Kuhl, N. M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.130-143.
In this paper we discuss verification and validation of simulation models. Four different approaches to deciding model validity are described; two different paradigms that relate verification and validation to the model development process are presented; various validation techniques are defined; conceptual model validity, model verification, operational validity, and data validity are discussed; a way to document results is given; a recommended procedure for model validation is presented; and accreditation is briefly discussed.

Sarjoughian Hessam S., Wang Wenlin, Huang Dongping, Rivera Daniel E., Godding Gary W., Kempf Karl G., Mittelmann Hans D. Hybrid discrete event simulation with model predictive control for semiconductor supply-chain manufacturing // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.256-266.
In this paper, we describe an environment that synthesizes Discrete-Event System specification (DEVS) with Model Predictive Control (MPC) paradigms using a Knowledge Interchange Broker (KIB). This environment uses the KIB to compose discrete event simulation and model predictive control models. This approach to composability affords flexibility for studying semiconductor supply-chain manufacturing at varying levels of detail. We describe a hybrid DEVS/MPC environments via a knowledge interchange broker. We conclude with a comparison of this work with another that employs the Simulink/MATLAB environment.

Schriber Thomas J., Brunner Daniel T. Inside discrete-event simulation software: how it works and why it matters // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M. E. Kuhl, N. M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.167-177.
This paper provides simulation practitioners and consumers with a grounding in how discrete-event simulation software works. Topics include discrete-event systems; entities, resources, control elements and operations; simulation runs; entity states; entity lists; and entity-list management. The implementation of these generic ideas in AutoMod, SLX, and Extend is described. The paper concludes with several examples of «why it matters» for modelers to know how their simulation software works, including coverage of SIMAN (Arena), ProModel and GPSS/H as well as the other three tools.

Seifert Michael J. The use of discrete event simulation in a design for six sigma project // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2000-2004.
This paper describes how a risk event to customer satisfaction for a food service facility was identified, validated, and eventually mitigated through the use of a discrete event simulation as part of a Design for Six Sigma project. Further described is how simulation was utilized to identify leading indicators to the risk event, to give pre-warning of the occurrence as well as to perform what if tests to validate mitigation practices and contingency plans. The results presented demonstrate how a simulation model coupled with Six Sigma can design a superior process in regards to predictability and reliability.

Seila Andrew F. Spreadsheet simulation // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.33-40.
«Spreadsheet simulation» refers to the use of a spreadsheet as a platform for representing simulation models and performing simulation experiments. This tutorial explains the reasons for using this platform for simulation, discusses why this is frequently an efficient way to build simulation models and execute them, describes how to setup a spreadsheet simulation, and finally examines some limitations on the use of spreadsheets for simulation.

Sengupta P., Wilensky U. (2005). N.I.E.L.S: An emergent multi-agent based modeling environment for learning physics // Paper presented at the 4th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2005), Utrecht, Netherlands.

Shaker A., Reeves D.S. (2005). Self-Stabilizing Structured RingTopology P2P System // Paper presented at the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P'05).

Sokolov B.V. Dynamic models of comprehensive scheduling for ground-based facilities communication with navigation spacecrafts // 16th IFAC Symposium on Automatic Control in Aerospace, June14-18, 2004, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, A Proceedings Volume1, Published for IFAC by Elsevier Limited, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK.

Sokolov B.V., Ivanov D., Käschel J., Arkhipov A, Zschorn L. Quantitative Models of Collaborative Networks // In: Collaborative Networks and Their Breeding Environments, edited by L.Camarihna-Matos, H. Afsarmanesh, A. Ortiz, Springer, 2005.

Sokolov B.V., Zaychik Е, Verzilin D. Integrated modeling of structure-dynamics control in complex technical systems // 19 th European Conference on Modeling and Simulation ESMS 2005, “Simulation in Wider Europe”, June 1-4, 2005, Riga, Latvia, Proceedings, Riga Technical University, 2005.

Sokolov B.V., Zaychik Е, Yusupov R.M. Principles, Models, Methods and Algorithms for the Structure Dynamics Control of Complex Technical Systems // International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications, ICCSA 2005, 9-12 May, Singapur, 2005.

Spry Charles W., Lawley Mark A. Evaluating hospital pharmacy staffing and work scheduling using simulation // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2256-2263.
With increasing healthcare costs, an aging population, and a shortage of trained personnel it is becoming increasingly important for hospital pharmacy management to make good operational decisions. In the case of hospital inpatient pharmacies, making decisions about staffing and work scheduling is difficult due to the complexity of the systems used and the variation in the orders to be filled. In order to help BroMenn Healthcare make decisions about staffing and work scheduling a simulation model was created to analyze the impact of alternate work schedules. The model estimates the effect of changes to staffing and work scheduling on the amount of time medication orders take to process. The goal is to use the simulation to help BroMenn find the best schedule to get medications to the patients as quickly as possible by using pharmacy staff effectively.

Stahl Ingolf. Using discrete event simulation in the teaching of decision analysis // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2280-2289.
In this paper we discuss how Discrete Event Simulation (DES) was used in a course on Decision Analysis (DA). Against the background of the characteristics of the students and the purpose of the course, we discuss various types of problems and methods that were found suitable to include in the course, in order to show the place of DES in DA. We present a number of simple GPSS programs that have been used in the course and proved effective in promoting the students’ understanding of DA.

Standridge Charles R., Centeno Martha A., Johansson Bjorn, Stahl Ingolf. Introducing simulation across the disciplines // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2274-2279.
How to introduce simulation is a fundamental educational issue in a variety of disciplines including industrial engineering and operations management as well as product design and manufacturing. This panel will discuss, compare, and contrast various perspectives and experiences concerning introducing simulation to undergraduate and graduate students. Topics considered by the panel include the fundamental purposes of a first simulation course, modeling and analysis assignments that are given, examination topics, laboratory content, and term project experiences.

Steinhauer D. SAPP – Simulation aided production planning at Flensburger // 4th Int. Conf. Computer Applications and Information Technology in the Maritime Industries (COMPIT), Hamburg. 2005.

Stieff M., Bateman Jr., R. C., Uttal D. (2005). Teaching and Learning with Three-dimensional Representations // In J. K. Gilbert (Ed.) Models and Modeling in Science Education (Vol 1, 93-120). Springer: Netherlands.

Stirling D. (2005). Modeling complex systems // Paper submitted to the Advanced International Colloquium on Building the Scientific Mind.
This paper offers a brief description and summary of the characteristics of complex adaptive systems. The use of computer software such as StarLogo and NetLogo is presented as a powerful way to explore the dynamics of such systems. The author suggests that these computer programs can vitally enhance the development of the scientific mind in users within a wide range of ages and levels of experience.

Swain J.J. Gaming Reality: Biennial survey of discrete event simulation software tools, OR/MS Today, Vol. 32, No. 6, 2005, pp. 44-55.

Takakuwa Soemon, Okada Takako. Simulation analysis of inbound call center of a city-gas company // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2026-2033.
An inbound call center of a city-gas company was simulated to examine the proper target of the service level procedures were proposed to find the optimal number of agents, considering their skills and the scheduling of the agents to meet the frequency of customer calls. First, integer programming was adopted to obtain an initial feasible solution. Second, a special-purpose system was designed and developed to modify planned recesses for each agent. Then, optimal solutions were obtained by performing simulation together with direct-search methods. The proposed procedure was applied to a real case in order to confirm its effectiveness.

Tenorio M., Nassar S., Freitas P., Magno C. (2005). Recognition of continuous probability models. In: Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 2524-2531.

Tivnan Brian F. Coevolutionary dynamics and agent-based models in organization science // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.1013-1021.
This paper provides empirical and theoretical support for the application of coevolutionary dynamics and agent based models in organization science.

Treadwell Mark A., Herrmann Jeffrey W. A kanban module for simulating pull production in ARENA // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.1413-1417.
In the short timeline of rapid improvement events (kaizen events), it is difficult to use the full power of simulation because of the time required to construct models, particularly if the system uses pull production control methods such as kanbans. This paper describes multiple ways to model pull production control and compares them on measures related to model construction and execution. A kanban workstation module significantly reduces the time required to develop a pull production model, which makes simulation more useful as a decision-making tool in rapid improvement events.

Uhrmacher Adelinde M., Priami Corrado. Discrete event systems specification in systems biology - a discussion of stochastic PI calculus and DEVS // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M. E. Kuhl, N. M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.317-326.
The goal of Systems Biology is to analyze the behavior and interrelationships between entities of entire functional biological systems. Discrete event approaches are of particular interest if small numbers of entities, like DNA molecules, shall be modeled. Two general approaches toward discrete event modeling and simulation are presented. They provide rather different perspectives on the system to be modeled, as is illustrated based on a model of the Trypophan Operon. Whereas in Devs distinctions are emphasized, e.g. between system and its environment, between structural and non structural changes, between properties attributed to a system and the system itself, these distinctions become fluent in the compact description of the π-Calculus. However, both share the problem that in order to support a comfortable modeling, adaptations and extensions according to the concrete requirements of this challenging application area are needed.

Valentin Edwin C., Steijaert Sicco, Bijlsma Rienk A., Silva Piero. Approach for modelling of large maritime infrastructure systems // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.1577-1585.
Simulation studies for large infrastructure systems often consists of a large number of experiments. Performing all experiments, and the required adjustments to simulation models, is time consuming. In addition it is difficult to keep track of all performed experiments and compare the outcome of these experiments. These issues can be clearly identified by observing a simulation study at the port of Tanger which is performed in the traditional way. In this paper we describe an alternative approach for performing simulation studies regarding large maritime infrastructure systems. This approach includes the use of a domain specific template developed in the simulation environment Arena and a database tool that enables creation, evaluation and managing simulation experiments.

van Beers Wim C.M. Kriging metamodeling in discrete-event simulation: an overview // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.202-208.
Many simulation experiments require considerable computer time, so interpolation is needed for sensitivity analysis and optimization. The interpolating functions are ‘metamodels’ (or ‘response surfaces’) of the underlying simulation models. For sensitivity analysis and optimization, simulationists use different interpolation techniques (e.g. low-order polynomial regression or neural nets). This paper, however, focuses on Kriging interpolation. This paper discusses Kriging for sensitivity analysis in simulation, including methods to select an experimental design for Kriging interpolation.

van der Vorst Jack G.A.J., Tromp Seth, van der Zee Durk-Jouke. A simulation environment for the redesign of food supply chain networks: modeling quality controlled logistics // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.1658-1667.
Nowadays, many industries are confronted with intensified global competition as well as advances in information and process technology. They create both the need and opportunity for a coordinated approach of industrial partners to establish effective and efficient supply chains. Simulation tools are often used for supporting decision-making on supply chain (re)design, building on their inherent modeling flexibility. However, food supply chains set some specific requirements to simulation models. To address these demands a new discrete event simulation environment called ALADIN has been developed. A case example concerning a supply chain for peppers is presented to illustrate the applicability and advantages of the tool.

van der Zee Durk-Jouke, Slomp Jannes. Simulation and gaming as a support tool for lean manufacturing systems – a case example from industry // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2304-2313.
In this article we illustrate how simulation and gaming can be used to support lean manufacturing systems. More in particular we study a case example from industry – a manual assembly line for mail-inserting systems – for which we have developed a simulation game. This paper focuses on the development steps of the simulation game. The objective of the game is to support the introduction of lean principles in an existing assembly line. The simulation game can be used to demonstrate applicability of a lean control concept at the assembly line and to train workers to make appropriate control decisions within this concept. In this paper, we indicate a definite need for the development of this game.

van Rensburg Johan J., He Yi, Kleywegt Anton J. A computer simulation model of container movement by sea // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.1559-1566.
We describe a computer simulation model of ocean container carrier operations. The simulation is called SimSea and was developed through collaboration between the CSIR, a research organisation in South Africa, and the Georgia Institute of Technology. SimSea simulates the transport of containers by container vessels. Containers are transported from container depots to customers. The customers load the containers, and thereafter the containers are transported to the ports. At the ports the containers are loaded onto and offloaded from vessels, and the vessels transport the containers between ports according to the vessels’ schedules. Containers are transported from the ports to receiving customers who unload the containers, and from there the empty containers are transported to container depots.

Wallace Rodney B., Saltzman Robert M. Comparing skill-based routing call center simulations using C programming and ARENA models // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2636-2644.
This paper describes the modeling of a skill-based routing call center using two distinct simulation programming methods: the C language and the Arena software package. After reviewing the features of this type of call center, we describe the salient components of each method in modeling the call center. The paper concludes with a comparison of the pros and cons of using each simulation programming approach in this context.

Walton David J., Paulo Eugene P., McCarthy Christopher J., Vaidyanathan Ravi. Modeling force response to small boat attack against high value commercial ships // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M. E. Kuhl, N. M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.988-991.
This study examines ways to prevent the success of a small boat attack against a larger high value commercial vessel, or high value unit, through the utilization of an agent-based simulation. The geographic area of concern is the Straits of Malacca. An essential element of the scenario is the limited time available to act against the attackers. Subsequently, the two alternatives considered are the deployment of patrol craft, as well as the placement of well-armed Sea Marshals on each high value ship.

Wang Ying, Zhou Chen. Fluid based simulation model for high volume dc conveyor systems // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M. E. Kuhl, N. M. Steiger, F. B. Armstrong, and J. A. Joines, eds. P.1373-1380.
In this paper, we present a fluid simulation methodology applying to high volume large conveyor networks operating in a slowly changing environment, often found in large distribution centers. Traditional discrete-event cell-based approach to simulate such networks becomes computationally challenging due to large number of events resulting from high WIP level, complex network and large conveyor footprint. The fluid simulation model is built on a Petri-Net based framework. We present the model and investigate the feasibility in modeling capability in terms of input and release control logics, performance evaluation and computational savings.

Weber Julie S., Pollack Martha E. Simulating users to support the design of activity management systems // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.1043-1048.
We describe a simulation system that models the user of a calendar-management tool. The tool is intended to learn the user’s scheduling preferences, and we employ the simulator to evaluate learning strategies. The simulated user is instantiated with a set of preferences over local and global features of a schedule such as the level of importance of a particular meeting and the amount of preparation time available before it is to begin. The system then processes a set of simulated meeting requests, and over time and through user feedback, it learns the user’s preferences, affording it the ability to thereafter manage the user’s schedule more autonomously.

Wheeler S. (2005). On the Suitability of NetLogo for the Modelling of Civilian Assistance and Guerrilla Warfare // DSTO Science Systems Laboratory.

Wijewickrama Athula, Takakuwa Soemon. Simulation analysis of appointment scheduling in an outpatient department of internal medicine // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2264-2273.
Long waiting times for treatment in the outpatient department of internal medicine, followed by short consultations has long been a complaint of patients. This issue is becoming increasingly important in Japan with the progressively aging society. In this context, a discrete event simulation model to examine various appointment schedules in a mixed-patient type environment in an outpatient department of a general hospital was developed. A special purpose data generator was designed to validate the model and to conduct experiments in bottleneck situations at consultation rooms in the existing system.

Xie C. (2005). Molecular Dynamics Simulations Beyond the Lennard-Jones Particles // Submitted to the American Journal of Physics.

Zhang Tiequan, Rohlfs Rori, Schwartz Russell. Implementation of a discrete event simulator for biological self-assembly systems // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2223-2231.
We have implemented a simulation tool for the study of computationally challenging biological self-assembly systems, particularly viral protein shells. The simulator implements a generic model of self-assembly based on simple local binding interactions to specify the behavior of complex self-assembly reactions. Recently developed discrete event methods allow for fast quantitative simulation of these systems. The new simulator uses the Java language to implement the model in a portable, interactive graphical tool. This paper discusses the simulator model, the theoretical basis for its efficient operation, and implementation issues in its design. It also discusses empirical validation of the simulator package and presents sample applications.

Zhizhou Wu, Jian Sun, Xiaoguang Yang. Calibration of VISSIM for shanghai expressway using genetic algorithm // Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference M.E. Kuhl, N.M. Steiger, F.B. Armstrong, and J.A. Joines, eds. P.2645-2648.
This paper presents how an optimal optimization method, Genetic Algorithm, is applied for finding a suitable combination of VISSIM parameters. The North-South Expressway is investigated and simulated in VISSIM platform using field data obtained from Traffic Information Collecting System in Shanghai.